Luxating patella, also known as a slipped knee cap, occurs when the patella dislocates and slips out of its normal position.  Once this happens the patella will begin to move side to side instead of up and down as the groove the patella sits in is too shallow and will continue to pop out. A luxating patella can be caused by breed disposition and breeds such as French Bulldog and smaller terrier breeds are often susceptible. Trauma, injury and persistence hindlimb standing (especially in small dogs) can also contribute to this orthopaedic condition.

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There are 4 grades of luxating patella:

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Grade 1 - The patella luxates and slips back into place

Grade 2 - The patella luxates and does not return back into place until the hind limb has been extended

Grade 3 - The patella luxates but does not return back into place without manual manipulation. it will continue to luxate

Grade 4 - The patella is permanently luxated